Us Model 1928 Thompson Submachinegun Airsoft How to Take Off Mag

Us Model 1928 Thompson Submachinegun Airsoft How to Take Off Mag

American submachine gun

Submachine gun

Thompson Submachine Gun, Caliber .45
Model 1921 Thompson with vertical foregrip and 100 round Blazon "C" pulsate magazine
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	U.s.a.
Service history
In service	1938–1971 (officially, U.S. military) 1921–nowadays (other countries)
Used by	See Users
Wars	Chaco War Banana Wars[1] Irish Civil War[2] Castellammarese War Earth War II[iii] Indonesian National Revolution Chinese Ceremonious War[iv] First Indochina State of war[five] Greek Civil War[6] Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 1948 Arab–Israeli War[7] Malayan Emergency[8] Korean War[three] Algerian War Vietnam State of war[3] Republic of indonesia–Malaysia confrontation The Troubles[9] Turkish invasion of Cyprus Yugoslav Wars[10] Iraq War[11] and numerous others
Production history
Designer	John T. Thompson
Designed	1917–1920
Manufacturer	Motorcar-Ordnance Company (originally) The Birmingham Small Arms Company Express Colt Savage Arms RPB Industries
Produced	1921–1945
No. congenital	Approximately 1.75 million of all variants,[12] including: 562,511 M1928A1 285,480 M1 539,143 M1A1
Variants	See Variants section
Specifications
Mass	ten.viii lb (four.9 kg) empty (Thompson M1928A1)[13] 10 lb (4.5 kg) empty (Thompson M1A1) [14]
Length	33.seven in (860 mm) (M1928A1 with compensator)[13] 31.9 in (810 mm) (M1/M1A1)[14]
Barrel length	10.52 in (267 mm)[xiii] 12 in (300 mm) (with Cutts compensator)
Cartridge	.45 ACP (11.43×23mm) 10mm Automobile (Limited quantity of FBI conversions)[fifteen]
Action	Blowback, Blish Lock
Rate of burn down	approx. 700–800rpm (M1928),[13] approx. 600-700rpm (M1A1),[14] approx.900 rpm (M1921) approx. 1500 rpm (Annihilator)
Muzzle velocity	935 ft/s (285 g/s)
Effective firing range	164 yds (150 thou[16])
Feed system	twenty-round stick/box magazine 0.four lb (0.ii kg) unloaded[xiii] 30-round stick/box mag 0.5 lb (0.2 kg) unloaded[13] 50-round drum magazine two.6 lb (1.2 kg) unloaded[13] 100-circular drum magazine (M1 and M1A1 models do not accept drum magazines)

The Thompson submachine gun (as well known every bit the "Tommy Gun", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", or "Trench Broom") is a blowback-operated, air-cooled, magazine-fed selective-burn down submachine gun, invented by the Usa Army Brigadier general John T. Thompson in 1918. It was originally designed to intermission the stalemate of trench warfare of Earth War I, but was non finished until later the state of war ended.

The Thompson saw early utilise by the Usa Marine Corps during the Banana Wars,^[17] the Us Postal Inspection Service, the Irish Republican Army, the Republic of People's republic of china, and the FBI (following the Kansas Metropolis Massacre).

The Thompson became notorious during the Prohibition era, used every bit a signature weapon of various organized offense syndicates in the United States in the 1920s. Information technology was a mutual sight in the media at the fourth dimension, and was used by both constabulary enforcement officers and criminals.^[18]

The Thompson was widely adopted by the U.S. military during World War Two, and was used extensively by the Allied troops during the state of war. Information technology was designated as the M1928A1, M1 and M1A1 during this time. More than than i.5 1000000 war machine Thompson submachine guns were produced during World War II.^[xix]

It is the kickoff weapon to be labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[20]

The original fully automatic Thompsons are no longer produced. Numerous semi-automated civilian versions are still existence produced past the manufacturer Car-Ordnance. These models retain a similar appearance to the original, but take various modifications in society to comply with US firearm laws.

History and service [edit]

Brigadier general John T. Thompson holding an M1921

Development [edit]

Brigadier general John T. Thompson was the original developer of the Thompson submachine gun, who spent most of his career in the ordnance department of the U.S. Army. He envisioned information technology every bit beingness a fully automated rifle in club to replace the bolt-action service rifles and then in utilize (such equally the American M1903 Springfield).

Brigadier general Thompson came beyond a patent issued to the American inventor John Bell Blish in 1915, while searching for a way to allow his weapon to operate safely without the complexity of a recoil or gas-operated reloading machinery. Blish's blueprint (and then known as the Blish Lock) was based on the supposed adhesion of inclined metal surfaces nether force per unit area.^[21] Thompson gained financial backing from the businessman Thomas F. Ryan and proceeded to found a visitor, which he named the Machine-Ordnance Company, in 1916, for the purpose of developing his new "auto rifle".

The Thompson was primarily developed in Cleveland, Ohio.^[22] Its principal designers were Theodore H. Eickhoff, Oscar Five. Payne, and George E. Goll. By tardily 1917, the limits of the Blish Lock were discovered (which is substantially an farthermost manifestation of static friction), and, rather than the firearm working as a locked breech, the weapon was instead designed to function as a friction-delayed blowback action. It was found that the only cartridge currently in service suitable for use with the new lock was the .45 ACP. Full general Thompson envisioned a "one-man, paw-held machine gun" chambered in .45 ACP to be used equally a "trench broom" for the ongoing trench warfare of Earth State of war I. Oscar Five. Payne designed the new firearm along with its stick and drum magazines. The projection was titled "Annihilator I". Most of the pattern issues had been resolved by 1918; however, the state of war ended two days before prototypes could be shipped to Europe.^[23]

At an Car-Ordnance board meeting in 1919, in club to talk over the marketing of the "Annihilator", with the war at present over the weapon was officially renamed the "Thompson Submachine Gun". While other weapons had been developed shortly prior with similar objectives in mind, the Thompson was the commencement weapon to be labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[20] Thompson intended for the weapon to provide a loftier volume of automated, man-portable fire for use in trench warfare—a role for which the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) had been determined ill-suited.^[24] The concept had already been developed by German troops using their ain Bergmann MP 18 (the world's outset submachine gun) in concert with their Sturmtruppen tactics.^[25]

Early employ [edit]

The offset Thompson entered product every bit the M1921. It was available to civilians, but, because of the weapon'due south high price, initially saw poor sales. The Thompson (with ane Type 20 20 circular "stick" mag) had been priced at $200 in 1921 (roughly equivalent to $two,902 in 2020).

M1921 Thompsons were sold in pocket-size numbers to the United States Postal Inspection Service^[26] so they could protect the mail from a spate of robberies.^[27] It was also sold to the United states Marine Corps, who used their Thompsons in the Banana Wars.^[28] Thompsons had also been widely used throughout China, where several Chinese warlords and their military factions running various parts of the fragmented land made purchases of the weapon, and subsequently produced many local copies.

The Thompson saw popularity as a point-defense weapon for countering ambushes past Nicaraguan guerrillas (in the Banana Wars) and led to the cosmos of four-man fire teams which had equally much firepower every bit a nine-man rifle team. Federal sales were then followed by sales to law departments in the Usa, likewise as to diverse international armies and law forces; chiefly in Key and Southward America.^[27]

The major initial complaints concerning the Thompson were its cumbersome weight, its inaccuracy at ranges over l yards (46 m), and its lack of penetrating power using the .45 ACP cartridge.^[29]

Some of the first batches of Thompsons were bought (in America) past agents of the Irish Republic (notably the Irish politician Harry Boland). The starting time examination of the Thompson in Republic of ireland was performed by Irish gaelic Republican Army unit of measurement commander Tom Barry, of the West Cork Brigade, in the presence of IRA leader Michael Collins.^[30] They purchased a total of 653 units, though Us customs authorities in New York seized 495 of the units in June 1921. The residual establish their way to the Irish gaelic Republican Ground forces past way of Liverpool, England, and were used in the last month of the Irish gaelic State of war of Independence (1919–21).^[31] After a truce with the British in July 1921, the Irish gaelic Republican Army imported more than units, which were used in the subsequent Irish Civil War (1922–23). The Thompson was not found to exist very effective in Ireland; having caused serious casualties in 32 pct of the activity in which it was used.^[two]

The Thompson achieved early notoriety in the hands of Prohibition and Peachy Low-era gangsters and the lawmen who pursued them. Information technology was also depicted in Hollywood films during this era, most notably regarding the St Valentine's Solar day Massacre. The Thompson guns used in the massacre are still being held past the Berrien Canton Sheriff'due south Department.^[32] The Thompson has been referred to past one researcher every bit the "gun that made the twenties roar".^{[33] [34]}

In 1926, the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered as an attachment option for the Thompson. Models with the compensator were cataloged equally No. 21AC, at the original cost of $200. The plain Thompson (without the attachment) was designated No. 21A at a reduced price of $175.^[23]

In 1928, Federal Laboratories took over distribution of the weapon from Thompson's Auto Ordnance Corporation.^[35] The new toll was listed as $225 per weapon (equivalent to $3,391 in 2020), with $5 per 50-round drum and $three per twenty-round magazine.^[35]

A British soldier equipped with a Thompson M1928 submachine gun (drum mag), November 25, 1940

Nationalist Communist china acquired a substantial number of Thompson guns for use against Japanese land forces. They began producing copies of the Thompson in small quantities for utilise past their armies and militias. In the 1930s, Taiyuan Armory (a Chinese weapons manufacturer) produced copies of the Thompson for Yan Xishan, then warlord of Shanxi province.

The FBI had likewise caused Thompsons in 1933 post-obit the Kansas City Massacre.^[35]

World War II [edit]

The Prime number Minister Winston Churchill inspects a 'Tommy gun' while visiting littoral defense positions near Hartlepool on 31 July 1940

In 1938, the Thompson submachine gun was adopted by the U.South. military machine and was used during Globe State of war II.

There were ii military types of Thompson submachine gun:

• The M1928A1, which had provisions for both box and drum magazines, utilized the Cutts muzzle brake, had cooling fins on the barrel, and employed a delayed blowback activity with the charging handle on the top of the receiver.
• The M1 and M1A1, which had provisions for box magazines only, did not accept cooling fins on the barrel, had a simplified rear sight, and employed a straight blowback action with the charging handle on the side of the receiver.

Over 1.5 million armed forces Thompson submachine guns were produced during Globe State of war II.^[19]

Magazine developments [edit]

Armed services users of the M1928A1 units had complaints of the "L" l-round drum magazine. The British Regular army criticized "the [magazine'southward] excessive weight, [and] the rattling sound they made" and shipped thousands back to the U.S. in exchange for xx-circular box magazines. The Thompson had to be cocked, bolt retracted, gear up to fire, in lodge to attach the drum magazine. The drum magazine also fastened and detached past sliding sideways, which fabricated magazine changes boring and cumbersome. They likewise created difficulty when immigration a cartridge malfunction ("jam"). Reloading an empty drum with cartridges was a hard and involved process in which the l rounds would be inserted and and so the magazine wound upwards until a minimum of nine to 11 loud "clicks" were heard before seating the magazine into the weapon.

In dissimilarity, the "XX" 20-round box magazine was lite and meaty. It tended non to rattle, and could be inserted with the bolt safely closed. The box magazine was speedily attached and detached, and was removed downward, making immigration jams easier. The box magazine tripped the commodities open lock when empty, facilitating mag changes. An empty box was like shooting fish in a barrel to reload with loose rounds. However, users complained that it was limited in capacity. In the field, some soldiers would record two "20" magazines together, in what would be known as "jungle style", to quicken magazine changes.^[36]

Two alternatives to the "L" 50-round drum and "Xx" 20-round box magazines were tested December 6, 1941, at Fort Knox, Kentucky. An extended thirty-round box mag and a twoscore-round mag, which were made past welding two 20-round magazines face up to face, jungle style, were tested. The testers considered both superior to either the "XX" box or "Fifty" drum. The 30-round box was approved as the new standard in Dec 1941 to replace the "XX" and "L" magazines.^[37] (The concept of welding two box magazines face-to-face was likewise carried over to the M42 submachine gun.)

M1 evolution [edit]

The staff of Barbarous Arms looked for means to simplify the M1928A1, and produced a prototype in February 1942, which was tested at Aberdeen Proving Basis in March 1942. Army Ordnance canonical adoption (as the M1) in April 1942. M1s were fabricated past Savage Artillery and by Auto-Ordnance. M1s were issued with the xxx-round box magazine and would accept the earlier 20-round box, but would non have the pulsate magazine.^[38]

Combat use [edit]

High german Fallschirmjäger troops in Tunisia with a captured M1928A1 Thompson submachine gun

The Thompson was used in Globe War II in the easily of Allied troops every bit a weapon for scouts, non-commissioned officers (corporal, sergeant, and higher), and patrol leaders, likewise as commissioned officers, tank crewmen, and soldiers performing raids on German positions. In the European theater, the gun was widely utilized in British and Canadian commando units, equally well as in the U.S. Regular army paratrooper and Ranger battalions, where it was issued more oftentimes than in line infantry units because of its high charge per unit of fire and its stopping power, which made it very effective in the kinds of close combat these special operations troops were expected to undertake. War machine Police were addicted of information technology, as were paratroopers, who "borrowed" Thompsons from members of mortar squads for use on patrols backside enemy lines.^[39] The gun was prized by those lucky plenty to become one and proved itself in the close street fighting that was encountered frequently during the invasion of France. A Swedish variant of the M1928A1, the Kulsprutepistol thou/twoscore (submachine gun, model 40), served in the Swedish Army between 1940 and 1951. Through Lend-Charter, the Soviet Union besides received the Thompson, just due to a shortage of appropriate armament, its utilise was not widespread.^[40]

In the Malayan Campaign, the Burma Campaign and the Pacific Theater, Lend-Charter effect Thompsons were used by the British Army, Indian Army, Australian Army infantry and other Commonwealth forces. They used the Thompson extensively in jungle patrols and ambushes, where it was prized for its firepower, though it was criticized for its hefty weight and poor reliability. Difficulties in supply eventually led to its replacement in Australian Army units in 1943 past other submachine guns such as the Owen and Austen, and British forces as well largely replaced it with the Sten gun. Thompsons were also given to the Royal Australian Air Strength and Royal Australian Navy. New Zealand commando forces initially used Thompsons only switched them for the more reliable, lighter, and more authentic Owen during the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal campaigns.^[41] The U.S. Marines likewise used the Thompson as a limited-issue weapon, peculiarly during their afterward island assaults. The Thompson was soon found to take limited effect in heavy jungle cover, where the low-velocity .45 bullet would not penetrate well-nigh pocket-sized-diameter trees or protective armor vests. (In 1923, the Army had rejected the .45 Remington–Thompson, which had twice the free energy of the .45 ACP).^[42] In the U.Due south. Regular army, many Pacific State of war jungle patrols were originally equipped with Thompsons in the early on phases of the New Guinea and Guadalcanal campaigns, only presently began employing the Browning Automated Rifle in its place equally a indicate defense weapon.^[43]

The Army introduced the U.S. M3 and M3A1 submachine guns in 1943 with plans to produce the latter in numbers sufficient to abolish future orders for the Thompson, while gradually withdrawing information technology from the get-go-line service. Even so, due to unforeseen production delays and requests for modifications, the M3/M3A1 never replaced the Thompson, and purchases continued until February 1944. Though the M3 was considerably cheaper to produce, at the finish of Earth War 2, the Thompson, with a total wartime production of over 1.five meg, outnumbered the M3/M3A1 submachine guns in service by nearly three to one.^[19]

After World War II [edit]

2 Israeli policemen, armed with Thompsons run into a Jordanian legionnaire almost the Mandelbaum Gate c.  1950

Thompson submachine guns were used past both sides during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.^[44] Following the war, Thompsons were issued to members of Israel'southward elite Unit 101, upon the formation of that unit in 1953.^[45]

During the Greek Civil War, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both sides. The Hellenic Armed Forces, gendarmerie and police units were equipped with Thompson submachine guns supplied by the British and subsequently in the war by the United States. The opposing Communist fighters of the Democratic Army of Greece were also using Thompson submachine guns, either captured from regime forces or inherited from ELAS. ELAS was the strongest of the resistance forces during the period of Greek Resistance against the Germans and Italians and were supplied with artillery from both the British and the U.s.. After the demobilization of ELAS, an unspecified number of arms were not surrendered to the government but kept subconscious, and were later on used past the Democratic Regular army of Greece.^[46]

The Thompson also establish service with the KNIL and the netherlands Marine Corps during their attempt to retake their former colony of Indonesia.^[47] Captured examples were later used past Indonesian forces against Dutch forces^{[ citation needed ]} and during by Indonesian infiltrators during the 1965 Republic of indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.^[48]

By the time of the Korean State of war in 1950, the Thompson had seen much use by the U.S. and S Korean military, even though the Thompson had been replaced as standard-issue by the M3/M3A1. With huge numbers of guns available in army ordnance arsenals, the Thompson remained classed every bit Limited Standard or Substitute Standard long after the standardization of the M3/M3A1. Many Thompsons were distributed to the US-backed Nationalist Chinese armed forces as war machine aid before the fall of Chiang Kai-shek'due south government to Mao Zedong's communist forces at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 (Thompsons had already been widely used throughout China since the 1920s, at a time when several Chinese warlords and their military machine factions running diverse parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon and then later produced many local copies). During the Korean War, Usa troops were surprised to see communist Chinese troops armed with Thompsons (amongst other captured US-made Nationalist Chinese and American firearms), peculiarly during unexpected night-fourth dimension assaults which became a prominent Chinese gainsay tactic in the conflict. The gun's ability to deliver large quantities of brusque-range automated assault fire proved very useful in both defence force and assail during the early on part of the war when it was constantly mobile and shifting dorsum and forth. Many Chinese Thompsons were captured and placed into service with American soldiers and marines for the remaining menstruation of the war.

The Yugoslav Army received 34,000 M1A1 Thompsons during the 1950s as office of a United states Armed services Aid to Yugoslavia Agreement. These guns were used during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.^[10]

During the Cuban Revolution, the Thompson submachine gun was used past both Batista'due south army and Fidel Castro'southward guerrillas. Both the latter and the Brigade 2506 besides used some during the bay of Pigs Invasion.^[49]

During the Vietnam State of war, some South Vietnamese ground forces units and defence force militia were armed with Thompson submachine guns, and a few of these weapons were used by reconnaissance units, advisors, and other American troops. It was partially replaced by the MAC-10, albeit during Vietnam, the fully automatic fire provided by the M16 made the Thompson less constructive than it previously had been. All the same, not simply did some U.S. soldiers have use of them in Vietnam, they encountered them equally well. The Viet Cong liked the weapon and used both captured models as well equally manufacturing their own copies in small jungle workshops.^[50]

The Australian regime destroyed nigh of their Thompson automobile carbines in the 1960s. They shipped their remaining stocks to arm the forces of Lon Nol'southward Khmer Republic in 1975. They were then captured and used by the Khmer Rouge.

In the conflict in Northern Ireland, known as the Troubles (1969–1998), the Thompson was again used by the Irish gaelic Republican paramilitaries. According to historian Peter Hart, "The Thompson remained a primal part of both the Official IRA and Provisional IRA arsenals until well into the 1970s when it was superseded by the Armalite and the AK-47."^[9]

The Thompson was as well used past U.S. and overseas law enforcement and police forces, most prominently past the FBI. The FBI used Thompsons until they were alleged obsolete and ordered destroyed in the early 1970s.^[51]

Collector interest [edit]

Considering of their quality and craftsmanship, as well as their gangster-era and WWII connections, Thompsons are sought as collector's items. There were fewer than 40 pre-production prototypes. The Colt Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut was contracted past the Machine-Ordnance Corporation to manufacture the initial mass production of xv,000 Thompson Submachine Guns in 1920. An original Filly Model 1921 A or AC, Model 1927 A or Ac, Model 1928 Navy A or Air-conditioning, properly registered in working status with original components can easily fetch from US$25,000 to $45,000+ depending on condition and accessories. For WWII, approximately 1,700,000 Thompson Submachine Guns were produced by Machine-Ordnance and Brutal Artillery, with 1,387,134 being the simplified Earth War Ii M1 and M1A1 variants (without the Blish lock and oiling arrangement^[52]).

A Model 1921A believed to have been owned by Bonnie and Clyde, but without historical documentation to substantiate this provenance, sold at sale on January 21, 2012, in Kansas City for $130,000.^[53]

Features [edit]

Operating characteristics [edit]

Thompson M1928A1, field stripped

Early on versions of the Thompson, the Model 1919, had a fairly high circadian rate of fire, as high as one,200 rounds per infinitesimal (rpm), with most Model 1921s at 800 rpm. This rate of burn, combined with a rather heavy trigger pull and a stock with an excessive drop, increases the tendency for the barrel to climb off target in automated burn down.^{[54] [55]} In 1927, the U.S. Navy ordered 500 Thompsons just requested a lower rate of fire. Thompson requested Payne to develop a method of reducing the cyclic charge per unit of fire. Payne then replaced the actuator with one that was heavier, and replaced the recoil spring with i that was stiffer; the changes reduced the charge per unit of burn down from 800 to the 600 rpm of the U.Southward. Navy Model 1928. Later on M1 and M1A1 Thompsons averaged also 600 rpm.^[54] Compared to more modern submachine guns, the Thompson is quite heavy, weighing roughly the aforementioned as the contemporary M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle, and requires a lot of cleaning. This was one of the major complaints about the weapon by U.S. Ground forces personnel to whom it was issued.^[29]

Thompson 1921, field stripped

Although the drum magazine provided significant firepower, in military service it was found to be overly heavy and bulky, particularly when slung on the shoulder while marching.^[55] The M1928A1 Thompson pulsate mag was rather frail, and cartridges tended to rattle inside information technology, producing unwanted noise.^[56] For these reasons, the twenty-round and later 30-round box magazines soon proved nigh popular with military users of the M1928A1, and drum compatibility was non included in the pattern of the wartime M1 and M1A1 models. The Thompson was 1 of the primeval submachine guns to incorporate a double-cavalcade, staggered-feed box magazine blueprint, which undoubtedly contributed to the gun's reputation for reliability. In improver, the gun performed amend than almost after exposure to rain, dirt, and mud.^[29]

The selective-fire (semi or fully automatic) Thompson fires from the "open commodities" position, in which the bolt is held fully to rearward by the sear when artsy. When the trigger is depressed, the bolt is released, traveling forward to chamber and simultaneously burn the first and subsequent rounds until either the trigger is released or the armament is wearied. This eliminates the risk of "cook-off", which can sometimes occur in closed-bolt automated weapons.

Disassembly [edit]

The Thompson submachine gun varies in field strip procedure, depending on the variant. World War II-era M1 variants and RPB models field strip more easily than the M1921.^{[ citation needed ]}

The 1928 variant can be disassembled easily past offset detaching the stock, then sliding off the lower receiver so simply removing the internal parts, cleaning them, and then putting it back together. When opened up, the Thompson features a modest number of parts that need to be removed including the spring, bolt, Blish Lock, and actuator bolt.

Variants [edit]

Prototypes [edit]

Persuader and Annihilator [edit]

In that location were two chief experimental models of the Thompson. The Persuader was a belt-fed version developed in 1917/18. It was partially built, but never completely finished. The Annihilator, serial no. Ver 10 prototypes were similar in advent to the later models, merely without the rear sight and butt stock mounts. The Annihilator prototypes first were fed from a xx-round box magazine, only later on, the 50- and 100-circular drum mag models were adult.

Model 1919 [edit]

Starting with the Serial no. 11, the Model 1919 takes the final appearance of the later Thompsons with the rear sights and barrel stock. The Model 1919 was express to about 40 units; the beginning built did non use the drums, as information technology was likewise hard to fire. Many variations have been noted within this model. The weapons had very high cyclic rates upwards to i,500 rpm.^[18] This was the weapon Brigadier Full general Thompson demonstrated at Camp Perry in 1920. A number of Model 1919s were made without butt stocks, rear and front sights, just the final version closely resembled the subsequently Model 1921. This model was designed to "sweep" trenches with bullets. The New York City Police Department was the largest purchaser of the M1919. Some experimental calibers aside from the standard .45 ACP (11.4x23mm) were the .22LR, .32 ACP, .38 ACP, and 9mm.^[27]

.351 WSL variant [edit]

Only one paradigm was made in .351 WSL using a standard 20" barrel which had a ROF of 1000rpm.

Thompson .30 Carbine [edit]

The layout and ergonomics of the Thompson submachine gun were also considered for the role of a Light Rifle earlier the adoption of the M1 Carbine. An example known as the "Calibre .30 Short Burglarize" was based on the M1921/27 variants.^[57] However, it was turned down without testing due to logistical problems.^[58]

.thirty-06 variant [edit]

A .30–06 variant was intended as a rival to the M1918 BAR. It had an extended receiver with a recoil buffer and was fed from 20-round magazines.^[59]

Production [edit]

Model 1921 [edit]

The Model 1921 (M1921) was the kickoff major production model. Xv thousand were produced by Colt for Auto-Ordnance. In its original design, it was finished more like a sporting weapon, with an adaptable rear sight, a blued, finned barrel and vertical foregrip (or pistol grip) and the Blish lock. The M1921 was quite expensive to manufacture, with the original retail price around $200, because of its high-quality wood furniture and finely machined parts. The M1921 was famous throughout its career with police and criminals and in motion pictures. This model gained fame from its use past criminals during Prohibition, and was nicknamed "tommy gun" by the media.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Model 1923 [edit]

The Model 1923 was a heavy submachine gun introduced to potentially expand the Auto-Ordnance product line and was demonstrated for the U.S. Regular army. It fired the more than powerful .45 Remington–Thompson cartridge which fired a heavier 250 gr (0.57 oz; xvi thousand) bullet at muzzle velocities of about i,450 ft/s (440 g/s) and free energy about 1,170 ft⋅lb (i,590 J), with greater range than the .45 ACP. It introduced a horizontal forearm, improved inline stock for accuracy, 14 in (36 cm) barrel, bipod, and bayonet lug. The M1923 was intended to rival the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), with which the Army was already satisfied. The Army did not give the Model 1923 much consideration, and then it was not adopted.

Model 1921AC (1926) [edit]

While not a new model in the usual sense of incorporating major changes, in 1926 the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered as an option for the M1921; Thompsons with the compensator were cataloged every bit No. 21AC at the original toll of $200.00, with the plain M1921 designated No. 21A at a reduced cost of $175.00.^[23] The Model 1921 was thereafter referred to as Model 1921A or Model 1921AC, though some collectors still refer to information technology every bit the Model 1921.

Model 1928 [edit]

The Model 1928 was the showtime type widely used by military forces, with the U.South. Navy and U.Due south. Marine Corps as major buyers through the 1930s. The original Model 1928s were Model 1921s with weight added to the actuator, which slowed down the cyclic rate of fire, a United states Navy requirement. On these guns, the model number "1921" on the receiver was updated by stamping an "8" over the last "ane". The Navy Model 1928 has several names amid collectors: the "Filly Overstamp", "1921 Overstamp", "28 Navy", or just "28N".

The 1928 Thompson would exist the concluding small arm adopted by the U.Due south. Army that used a yr designation in the official nomenclature. With the outset of World War II, major contracts from several countries saved the manufacturer from bankruptcy. A notable variant of the Model 1928 with an aluminum receiver and tenite grip, buttstock, and forend, was made by Savage.^[60]

M1928A1 [edit]

The M1928A1 variant entered mass product before the attack on Pearl Harbor, as on-manus stocks ran out. Changes included a horizontal forend, in identify of the distinctive vertical foregrip ("pistol grip"), and a provision for a military sling. Despite new U.Due south. contracts for Lend-Lease shipments abroad to Prc, France, and the United Kingdom, besides as the needs of American military machine, only 2 factories supplied M1928A1 Thompsons during the early years of Globe War II. Though information technology could apply both the fifty-round drum and the 20- or 30-round box magazines, active service favored the box magazines as the drums were more than prone to jamming, rattled when moving, and were too heavy and bulky on long patrols. 562,511 were made. Wartime production variants had a fixed rear sight without the triangular sight baby-sit wings and a non-ribbed barrel, both similar those found on the M1/M1A1.

In add-on, the Soviet Union received M1928A1s, included as standard equipment with the M3 calorie-free tanks obtained through Lend-Charter. These submachine guns were used to a limited extent past the Red Army.^[61]

Some M1928A1 Thompsons were used by the French before and during the Battle of France (1940) nether the designation "Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1."

An M1928A1 with an unusual inline stock, modified with elevated sights to increase accurateness, also was produced. Some Thompsons were built with a folding stock, similar to M1A1 Carbines used by Allied tank crews, drivers and paratroopers and submarine raiders.^[62]

Service variants [edit]

Thompson Motorcar Carbine (TMC) [edit]

In 1940, Commonwealth troops in Egypt and North Africa were issued commercial model Lend-Lease Colt- and Cruel-manufactured M1928s. Section leaders carried them instead of pistols or rifles. Many of the Filly models had French-linguistic communication manuals packed with them as they had been abruptly diverted to England after the autumn of France. They shortly discovered that the weapon was prone to jamming due to sand. To set up this, the armorers removed the Blish Lock and replaced it with a hex bolt to continue the cocking handle and bolt together. The twenty-round Type Twenty magazines had their peep-holes welded close to keep sand out and the fifty-round Type Fifty drums were discontinued. Ammunition was scarce as it was either in pocket-size lots of Lend-Charter commercial ammo or obtained from adjacent American troops. Information technology was afterwards replaced by the 9mm Sten gun and Lanchester SMG.

Models used in the Pacific by Australian troops had their sling swivels remounted on the left side to allow it to be fired more hands while prone. A metal sling mountain was fitted to the left side of the wooden buttstock. Ammunition was manufactured in Australia or obtained from adjacent American troops. Information technology was subsequently replaced past the Owen Machine Carbine.

M1 [edit]

Fire Controls on an M1928A1 Thompson. Front lever is the selector switch, fix for full auto.

Responding to a request for farther simplification, the M1 was standardized in April 1942 as the United States Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1. Rate of fire was reduced to approximately 600–700 rpm.

First issued in 1943, the M1 uses a unproblematic blowback operation, with the charging handle moved to the side. The flip-upwards adjustable Lyman rear sight was replaced with a fixed Fifty sight. Tardily M1s had triangular guard wings added to the rear L sight, which were standardized on the M1A1. The slots adjoining the mag well allowing the use of a pulsate magazine were removed. A new mag grab with the provision for retaining pulsate magazines removed, was produced, but well-nigh M1s and later M1A1s retained the original. The less expensive and more-easily manufactured "stick" magazines were used exclusively in the M1, with a new 30-round version joining the familiar 20-circular blazon. The Cutts compensator, barrel cooling fins, and Blish lock were omitted while the buttstock was permanently affixed. Late product M1 stocks were fitted with reinforcing bolts and washers to prevent splitting of the stock where it attached to the receiver. The British had used improvised bolts or wood screws to reinforce M1928 stocks. The M1 reinforcing bolt and washer were carried over to the M1A1 and retrofitted to many of the M1928A1s in U.Due south. and British service. Late M1s likewise had simplified fire control switches, also carried over to the M1A1. Certain M1s had issues with high rate of burn climbing up to ~800 RPM. The exact cause remains unknown, but was resolved with the transition to the M1A1.^[63]

M1A1 [edit]

Both sides of the Thompson M1A1 shown with 30-circular magazine

The M1A1, standardized in October 1942 as the United states Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1A1, could be produced in one-half the time of the M1928A1, and at a much lower cost. The master difference between the M1 and M1A1 was the commodities. The M1 commodities had a floating firing pin and hammer, the bolt of the M1A1 had the firing pin machined to the face of the commodities, eliminating unnecessary parts. The reinforced stock and protective sight wings were standard. The 30-circular mag became more common. In 1939, Thompsons price the government $209 apiece. By the spring of 1942, cost-reduction pattern changes had brought this down to $70. In February 1944, the M1A1 reached a low price of $45 each, including accessories and spare parts, although the difference in price between the M1 and M1A1 was simply $0.06. By the end of the war, the M1A1 was replaced with the even lower-price M3 (commonly chosen the "Grease Gun").

Semi-automated [edit]

Model 1927 [edit]

The Model 1927 was the open bolt semi-automatic version of the M1921. Information technology was made by modifying an existing Model 1921, including replacing certain parts. The "Thompson Submachine Gun" inscription was machined over to supervene upon it with "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine", and the "Model 1921" inscription was besides machined over to supplant it with "Model 1927." Although the Model 1927 was semi-automatic only, information technology was easily converted to fully automatic by installing a full-auto Model 1921 burn down control group (internal parts). Virtually Model 1927s endemic by police accept been converted back to full-auto.^[64] The original Model 1927 is classified as a motorcar gun under the National Firearms Act of 1934 (a) past being "readily convertible" by swapping parts and (b) past a 1982 BATF ruling making all open bolt semi-automatic firearms manufactured subsequently the date of this ruling classified every bit machine guns.

Model 1927A1 [edit]

The Model 1927A1 is a semi-automatic replica version of the Thompson, originally produced by Auto-Ordnance of West Hurley, New York for the civilian collector's market place from 1974 to 1999. Information technology has been produced since 1999 by Kahr Arms of Worcester, Massachusetts. It is officially known as the "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Model of 1927A1." The internal design is completely different to operate from the closed bolt and the carbine has a barrel length of xvi.5 in (420 mm) (versus open up bolt operation and butt length of ten.v in (270 mm) for the fully automatic versions). Under federal regulations, these changes make the Model 1927A1 legally a rifle and remove it from the federal registry requirements of the National Firearms Human action. These modern versions should not be dislocated with the original semi-automatic M1927, which was a slightly modified M1921 produced past Colt for Car-Ordnance.

The Model 1927A1 is the semi-automatic replica of the Thompson Models of 1921 and 1927. The "Thompson Commando" is a semi-automatic replica of the M1928A1. The Auto-Ordnance replica of the Thompson M1 and M1A1 is known every bit the TM1, and may be found marked "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Caliber .45M1".

Model 1927A3 [edit]

The Model 1927A3 is a semi-automatic, .22 caliber version of the Thompson produced by Auto-Ordnance in Westward Hurley.

Model 1927A5 [edit]

The Model 1927A5 is a semi-automated, .45 ACP pistol version of the Thompson originally produced by Automobile-Ordnance in West Hurley from the 1970s until the early 1990s or late 1980s. It featured an aluminum receiver to reduce weight. Information technology has since been replaced with the Kahr Arms TA5 Pistol, which features a x.5" barrel and steel receiver, unlike the 1927A5'due south 13" barrel and aluminum receiver.

As per the NFA (National Firearms Human action of 1934), the "1927A5 .45 ACP Pistol" is simply classified equally a "Firearm" (Whatsoever type of firearm with an overall length of 26" or greater, that does not have a buttstock) as it neither fits the definition of a Pistol or Rifle under federal law. This categorization also legally allows it to have 1921 or 1928 style foregrip equipped, unlike other "pistol fashion" Thompson variants, without an AOW (Whatever Other Weapon) Revenue enhancement Stamp.

Motorcar-Ordnance 1927A5 DOJ BATFE Firearm Classification Alphabetic character

1928A1 LTD [edit]

The 1928A1 LTD is a civilian semi-automated conversion past Luxembourg Defence Engineering (LuxDefTec) in Grand duchy of luxembourg. They are made from original 1928A1 guns of various appearance (with or without Cutt's compensator, ribbed or smooth barrels, adjustable or fixed sights), that were imported Lend-Lease guns from Russia.

Export variants [edit]

BSA Thompsons [edit]

In an attempt to aggrandize involvement and sales overseas, Motorcar-Ordnance entered into a partnership with and licensed the Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited (BSA) in England to produce a European model. These were produced in minor quantities and have a dissimilar advent than the classic style. The BSA 1926 was manufactured in 9mmP and 7.63mm Mauser and were tested by diverse governments, including France, in the mid-1920s. It was never adopted by any military force, and only a pocket-size number were produced.^[65]

RPB Thompsons [edit]

Special purpose variant [edit]

A special purpose machine pistol variant of the Thompson is manufactured by RPB Industries of Atlanta.^[66]

Suppressed variant [edit]

A version with a threaded barrel for suppressors, side folding stock, and modified sights.

Civilian buying [edit]

Canada [edit]

All variants and modified versions of Thompson submachine guns (even semiautomatic-merely versions) are prohibited by proper noun in Canada, every bit office of Prohibited Weapons Order No. xiii in 1995. Consequently, they cannot be legally imported or endemic except under very limited circumstances. For example, to own one the person must exist "grandfathered" and have owned one earlier the bill was passed confronting it. The submachine gun is not grandfathered like in the U.S., just the owner. The submachine gun can but be sold to other grandfathered individuals; this keeps prices extremely low as the number of permitted licensed individuals is very small and dwindling with time. Eventually, all prohibited guns volition be out of circulation.^{[67] : Part one.86 [68]}

The states [edit]

The perceived popularity of submachine guns such equally the Thompson with tearing gangsters in the 1920s and 1930s was one of the principal reasons given for passage of the National Firearms Act by the United States Congress in 1934. One of its provisions was that owners of fully automatic firearms were required to register them with the predecessor agency of the mod Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The law likewise placed restrictions on the possession, transfer, and transport of the weapons.

There are several U.S. made automatic and semi-automated variants, copies, or replicas. The semi-automated versions are less regulated by federal police force.

United Kingdom [edit]

The possession of any fully automatic firearm is prohibited in the UK by the Firearms Human activity 1968; prohibited firearms can be possessed on a section 5 certificate, but these are not issued for sporting purposes. A fully automatic firearm that has been converted to semi-automatic fire, such every bit the Model 1927, is prohibited by the Firearms Human activity 1988, as is any eye-fire purpose-made semi-automated weapon, such as the Model 1927A1. It is now effectively impossible for a firearm of this type to exist legally possessed past a fellow member of the full general public, except in certified deactivated status or where specifically manufactured every bit a semi-automatic in calibre .22LR.

Federal republic of germany [edit]

The gun, in a government approved semiautomatic conversion or clone, tin can legally be owned by hunters and sport shooters. With a design date prior to 1942 information technology is not considered a "weapon of war." Only the fully automatic version is a prohibited weapon. As a long gun, it tin can be bought by hunters (even if information technology cannot be used to actually hunt for legal reasons). There are disciplines in regime canonical sport shooting rulebooks that allow this blazon to exist used, therefore the gun can be bought past sport shooters, too.

Users [edit]

• Algeria^[69]
• Argentina: M1928 and M1 Thompson^[70]
• Republic of bolivia^[71]
• Brazil: Used past the Brazilian forces from WWII^[72] until the mid-1980s.
• British Bharat: Widely used by the Indian Army in the Malayan Entrada,^[73] in the European theatre^[74] and Burma Campaigns
• Canada^[75]
• Cuba^[76]
• People's Republic of Cathay: Unlicensed copies^{[77] [78]}
• Commonwealth of China^[4]
• Croatia^[3]
• Egypt^[79]
• France:^[77] The M1928A1 was used as the Pistolet-mitrailleur eleven mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1.^[80] The M1A1 was also used.^[81]
• Greece: Used by Greek military machine, resistance fighters, Gendarmerie and police units during Earth War Two and immediately postwar catamenia.^{[46] [82]}
• Guatemala^[83]
• Haiti^[84]
• Iraq: Iraqi insurgents^[11]
• Regal State of Iran: Used past the Imperial Iranian Guard Units, kickoff saw activeness during the Iran crisis of 1946.^[85]
• State of israel:^[45]
• Italy: Captured examples pressed into use past the Italian Ground forces prior to September 8, 1943.^[86] Besides supplied to partisans and to the Italian Co-belligerent Ground forces.^[87] Later the state of war, it was mostly issued to Italian Air Force troopers^[88] and the Carabinieri.^[89]
• Nippon: Were used in some quantities past the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense^{[xc] [ unreliable source? ]}
• Hashemite kingdom of jordan^[7]
• Kingdom of Laos: Limited received by U.Due south government and used during the First Indochina State of war and Vietnam State of war.^[91]
• Luxembourg: M1A1 in service 1952–1967, replaced by Uzi.^[92]
• Malaysia^[8]
• The Netherlands: In early World War II, at least iii,680 Thompsons caused through Lend-Lease^[23]
• New Zealand: M1928 and M1928A1^[93]
• Nicaragua:^[94] The Nicaraguan National Guard received M1928A1s and some were captured by Sandino'due south rebels.^[95]
• North korea: Chinese-made Thompsons used by the Korean People's Army in the Korean War.^[96]
• North Vietnam: Unlicensed copies.^[77] Used by Viet Minh in the First Indochina War.^[5]
• Poland: Used past the Polish War machine in the Westward during WWII^[97] and by resistance fighters during the Warsaw Uprising (from supply drops)
• Portugal: Pocket-sized number bought for law use, designated m/1928^[98]
• Somalia^[99]
• South Vietnam^[3]
• Soviet Marriage^[100]
• Sweden^[101]
• United Kingdom. Get-go issued to the GHQ Liaison Unit ('Phantom') in Feb 1940, in advance of main State of war Office contracts.^[102]
• United States: Employed by the United States Marine Corps^[27] and by the Us Army 1938,^[103] including paratroops in World War 2.
• Vietnam Used past Viet Cong during Vietnam War.^[104]
• Venezuela^[105]
• Yugoslavia^[10]

Non-state groups [edit]

• The Provisional IRA and Official IRA used the 1921 variant, mainly during the early 1960s to 1970s.^{[106] [107]}
• The Angry Brigade^[108]
• Azerbaijan People'southward Government^[85]
• Afghan Mujahideen^[109]

See as well [edit]

• Listing of U.S. Ground forces weapons by supply itemize designation SNL A-32

References [edit]

1. ^ "The Sandino Rebellion, 1927–1934". Sandinorebellion.com. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
2. ^ ^{a b} Hart 2003, pp. 187–188
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Bishop, Chris (1998). Guns in Combat. Chartwell Books, Inc. p.^{[ page needed ]}. ISBN0-7858-0844-2.
4. ^ ^{a b} McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Armed forces Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. p. 47. ISBN978-one-84013-476-half-dozen.
5. ^ ^{a b} Windrow, Martin (15 Nov 1998). The French Indochina State of war 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. p. 24. ISBN9781855327894.
6. ^ Sazanidis 1995, pp. 293–294.
7. ^ ^{a b} Laffin, John (15 Jun 1982). Arab Armies of the Heart Eastward Wars 1948–73. Men-at-Arms 128. Osprey Publishing. p. 32. ISBN9780850454512.
8. ^ ^{a b} "Weapons of the Malay CTs 1948–1960". 17thdivision.tripod.com.
9. ^ ^{a b} Hart 2003, p. 191.
10. ^ ^{a b c} Dyker, David A.; Vejvoda, Ivan (9 December 1996). Yugoslavia and After: A Written report in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth (1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 120. ISBN9781317891352.
11. ^ ^{a b} Small Artillery Survey (2012). "Surveying the Battleground: Illicit Artillery In Transitional islamic state of afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia". Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets. Cambridge University Press. p. 321. ISBN978-0-521-19714-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on August thirty, 2012.
12. ^ Yenne 2009, p.^{[ folio needed ]}.
13. ^ ^{a b c d east f thousand} War Department (1943-10-xi). TM 9-2200 Small Artillery, Light Field Mortars and 20-mm Aircraft Guns. War Department. p. 59.
14. ^ ^{a b c} War Section (1943-10-xi). TM 9-2200 Pocket-size Artillery, Lite Field Mortars and twenty-mm Aircraft Guns. War Section. p. 57.
15. ^ "Full Power/Full Car: The Thompson Goes Metric And the MP5 Goes American". www.americanrifleman.org.
16. ^ "Thompson 1921 Submachine Gun". Modernistic Firearms. 27 October 2010.
17. ^ Schroeder, Michael J. (2019-03-26), "Digital Resources: The Sandino Rebellion Digital Historical Archive, Nicaragua, 1927–1934", Oxford Inquiry Encyclopedia of Latin American History, Oxford University Press, doi:ten.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.77, ISBN978-0-19-936643-ix , retrieved 2021-07-05
18. ^ ^{a b} Bearse 1994, p. 210.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Iannamico, Frank (1999). The U.S. M3-M3A1 Submachine Gun. Harmony, Maine: Moose Lake Publishing. pp. fourteen, 55. ISBN978-0-9701954-four-9.
20. ^ ^{a b} James, Gary (1996–2006). "Development of the Thompson Submachine Gun".
21. ^ Hatcher, Julian Due south. (1947). Hatcher's Notebook. Military Service Publishing Co. p. 44.
22. ^ "The Unofficial Tommy Gun Page". www.nfatoys.com.
23. ^ ^{a b c d} Iannamico 2000, p.^{[ page needed ]}
24. ^ Fitzsimons 1977, p. 272.
25. ^ Gudmundsson, Bruce. (1995). Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army, 1914–1918. Praeger Press.^{[ page needed ]}
26. ^ Smithsonian National Postal Museum Archived 2007-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, Postal Inspectors: The Silent Service, Unexpected Duties. "The Postal Inspection Service became the first constabulary enforcement bureau to purchase the Thompson submachine gun ..."
27. ^ ^{a b c d} Fitzsimons 1977, p. 2487
28. ^ Schroeder, Michael J. (2019-03-26), "Digital Resources: The Sandino Rebellion Digital Historical Archive, Nicaragua, 1927–1934", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History, Oxford Academy Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.77, ISBN978-0-nineteen-936643-9 , retrieved 2021-07-05
29. ^ ^{a b c} Bert Kortegaard (2000-09-21). "M1A1 Thompson Submachine Gun". Rt66.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-17. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
30. ^ Ryan, Meda (2003). Tom Barry: IRA Liberty Fighter. Mercier Press. p. 125. ISBN1-85635-425-3.
31. ^ Hart 2003, pp. 184–185.
32. ^ Ashcroft, Brent. "St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Tale of two guns". WZZM 13 News. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
33. ^ "Thompson Model 1928 Submachine Gun". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Establishment. Retrieved 2008-06-12 .
34. ^ Helmer, William J. (1969). The Gun That Made the Twenties Roar. MacMillan. p.^{[ folio needed ]}. ISBN978-0-02-550890-3.
35. ^ ^{a b c} Robert "Bo" Ramsour Two. "The FBI and the Thompson Submachine Gun". Soldier of Fortune magazine, July 18, 2010,^{[ page needed ]}
36. ^ Bruce Canfield. "Thompson Submachine Gun: The Tommy Gun Goes to War". American Rifleman . Retrieved 2016-02-04 .
37. ^ Iannamico 2000, pp. 161, 173, 175.
38. ^ Iannamico 2000, pp. 94–97.
39. ^ Webster, David K. Parachute Infantry ^{[ page needed ]}
40. ^ Bishop, Chris (1998). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of Globe War Ii. New York: Orbis Publishing Ltd. ISBN978-0-7607-1022-7. ^{[ page needed ]}
41. ^ "Chapter XII — Guadalcanal – NZETC". nzetc.victoria.ac.nz.
42. ^ Bearse 1994, p. 213.
43. ^ George 1981, p. 400.
44. ^ Yenne 2009, p. 263.
45. ^ ^{a b} Uzi, Eilam (2011). Eilam's Arc: How Israel Became a Military Technology Powerhouse. Sussex Academic Press. p. vii.
46. ^ ^{a b} Sazanidis 1995, pp. 293–295
47. ^ Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Leiss, Amelia Catherine (thirty June 1967). The Control of local conflict : a design study on arms command and limited war in the developing areas (PDF). Vol. iii. Massachusetts Found of Technology. Center for International Studies. pp. 81, 89. hdl:2027/uiug.30112064404368.
48. ^ Bloomfield & Leiss 1967, p. 191.
49. ^ de Quesada, Alejandro (x Jan 2009). The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1961. Elite 166. pp. 9, 60–61. ISBN9781846033230.
50. ^ "12 Viet Cong Homemade Thompson Submachine Gun". www.williammaloney.com.
51. ^ Vanderpool, Nib (October 2013). "Bring Enough Gun". American Rifleman. pp. 80–85&115–116.
52. ^ Fitzsimons 1977, p. 2488.
53. ^ Rice, Glenn E. "$210K for Bonnie & Clyde Tommy Gun, shotgun" The Kansas City Star 21 Jan. 2012
54. ^ ^{a b} Dunlap 1948, p. 299
55. ^ ^{a b} George 1981, p. 395
56. ^ Pegler 2010, p. 26.
57. ^ The Ultimate Thompson Volume by Tracie L. Hill
58. ^ "Thompson "Tommy Gun" SMG... .thirty Carbine Version -". xx October 2016.
59. ^ "Gun".
60. ^ "Thompson Gallery". www.MachineGunBooks.com. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
61. ^ "Память народа::Поиск документов частей".
62. ^ "Experimental Thompson Stock". Forgotten Weapons. 2012-12-07.
63. ^ M1 Vs M1A1 Thompson Submachine Gun Circadian rate
64. ^ Iannamico 2000, p. 21.
65. ^ "Submachine guns of United kingdom – BSA Thompson 1926 – Thompson 1928A1 – Lanchester – Sten and Sterling". Gotavapen.se. 2010-09-08. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
66. ^ "Archived copy". img822.imageshack.usa. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
67. ^ List of Restricted and Prohibited Firearms, Canadian Firearms Centre (CFC)
68. ^ Prohibited Firearms Archived 2007-08-20 at the Wayback Automobile, Canadian Firearms Centre (Cfc)
69. ^ Windrow, Martin (1997). The Algerian State of war, 1954–62. Men-at Arms 312. London: Osprey Publishing. p. 46. ISBN978-one-85532-658-3.
70. ^ Smith 1969, p. 194.
71. ^ Scarlata, Paul (May 2014). "La Guerra del Chaco: fighting in El Infierno Verde: Function two: tanks, airplanes, submachine guns: all played a part in this encarmine conflict over some of the world's about godforsaken existent estate". Shotgun News.
72. ^ Maximiano, Cesar; Bonalume, Ricardo N (2011). Brazilian Expeditionary Strength in World War Ii . Men at Artillery 465. Osprey Publishing. p. 45. ISBN9781849084833.
73. ^ McNab 2002, p. 131.
74. ^ McNab 2002, p. 133.
75. ^ "Thompson Submachine Gun". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
76. ^ Yenne 2009, pp. 111–114.
77. ^ ^{a b c} Charles H. Smith. "History of the Thompson submachine gun". Archived from the original on 2009-03-08. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
78. ^ "M1A1 Thompson submachine gun". Archived from the original on 2011-12-17. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
79. ^ "Автомат Томпсон, калибр .45". Сайт про оружие, оружие всех времен и народов, виды оружия. 2012-09-25.
80. ^ Manuel du Grade TTA 116 (in French). Berger-Levrault. 1956-03-nineteen. p. 274.
81. ^ "Fifty'armement français en A.F.North." Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 220. March 1992. pp. 12–16.
82. ^ McNab 2002, p. 123.
83. ^ "Law Small Artillery Arsenals in the Northern Central American Triangle". Pocket-sized Arms Defense force Journal. Vol. vii, no. 5. four December 2015.
84. ^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian Five. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane's Information Grouping; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.^{[ page needed ]}
85. ^ ^{a b} "Silah Written report Podcast V33: Iranian Submachine Guns (1941-1979)". 21 June 2021.
86. ^ "Bir El Gobi: la battaglia". Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
87. ^ Romain Rainero, Antonello Biagini, L'Italia in guerra: Il vi° anno, 1945 published by Commissione italiana di storia militare, 1996.^{[ page needed ]}
88. ^ As pictured in the book Ho vestito in azzurro by Nicola Malizia, IBN 2005.^{[ page needed ]}
89. ^ Equally mentioned in a notorious reportage on the decease of outlaw Salvatore Giuliano:http://www.ilcassetto.it/notizia.php?tid=148 Archived 2013-10-xvi at the Wayback Machine
90. ^ 自衛隊の銃器各種. jieitaisaiyou.web.fc2.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 6 March 2017.
91. ^ Conboy, Kenneth (23 Nov 1989). The State of war in Laos 1960–75. Men-at-Arms 217. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. ISBN9780850459388.
92. ^ "Grand-Duchy Of Luxembourg". Mnhm.lu. Archived from the original on 2011-01-26. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
93. ^ Stack, Wayne; O'Sullivan, Barry (xx Mar 2013). The New Zealand Expeditionary Force in Earth War II. Men-at-Arms 486. Osprey Publishing. p. 46. ISBN9781780961118.
94. ^ Pegler 2010, p. 56.
95. ^ Jowett, Philip (28 Jun 2018). Latin American Wars 1900–1941: "Banana Wars," Border Wars & Revolutions. Men-at-Arms 519. Osprey Publishing. pp. 44–45. ISBN9781472826282.
96. ^ "11mm Submachine Gun (Communist china)".
97. ^ Zaloga, Steven J. (1982). The Polish Army 1939–45. Men-at-Arms 117. Osprey Publishing. pp. 22, 38. ISBN9780850454178.
98. ^ ":: Revista Militar ::-Revistas – As Indústrias Militares due east As Armas de Fogo" (in Portuguese). Revistamilitar.pt. 2010-05-28. Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
99. ^ "La fusillade de Loyada : Quelle balle a tué ?". Le Monde (in French). No. 9660. 12 Feb 1976. p. vii.
100. ^ Maxim Popenker. "Thompson M1921 M1928 M1 and M1A1 submachine gun / "Tommy Gun" (U.s.)". World Guns. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
101. ^ "Submachine guns of Sweden".
102. ^ Atkin, Malcolm (2015). Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945. Pen and Sword. p. 80. ISBN978-one-47383-377-7.
103. ^ Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN ane-84065-245-four.^{[ page needed ]}
104. ^ "Viet Cong Weaponry: fourteen Small-scale Artillery From the Vietnam State of war". 22 October 2015.
105. ^ "Legendarios". FAV-Club. 2013-12-18. Archived from the original on 2020-04-xiv. Retrieved 2017-02-24 .
106. ^ Paul 5. Walsh. "The Irish gaelic Civil War, 1922–1923". Archived from the original on 2006-05-08. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
107. ^ O'Brien, Brendan (1993). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin, 1985 to Today. Syracuse University Press. pp. 279–. ISBN978-0-8156-0319-1.
108. ^ Dobson, Christopher; Payne, Ronald (1982). The Terrorists: Their Weapons, Leaders, and Tactics. Facts on File. p. 101.
109. ^ https://silahreport.com/2021/05/25/the-american-tommy-gun-in-the-pak-afghan-region/

Bibliography [edit]

• Albert, David and Sig, Mike. (2005). Thompson Manuals, Catalogs, and Other Paper Items. Cocky Published.
• Bannan, James F. and Hill, Tracie 50. (1989). Notes On Auto-Ordnance. South West Publishing Co.
• Bearse, Ray (1994). "The Thompson Submachine Gun: Weapon of War and Peace". In Murtz, Harold A. (ed.). Gun Digest Treasury (7th ed.). DBI Books. ISBN978-0873491563.
• Burrough, Bryan. (2004). Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI. The Penguin Press.
• Cox, Roger A. (1982). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Constabulary Enforcement Ordnance Company.
• Dunlap, Roy F. (1948). Ordnance Went Upward Front end. Samworth Press.
• Ellis, Chris. (1998). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Military machine Book Club.
• Fitzsimons, Bernard (1977). The illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare . Phoebus. OCLC 18501210.
• George, John (Lt. Col) (1981) [1948]. Shots Fired In Anger (2 ed.). NRA Press. ISBN978-0935998429.
• Hart, Peter (2003). The I.R.A. at War, 1916-1923. Oxford Academy Press. ISBN978-0199277865.
• Herigstad, Gordon. (1996). Colt Thompson Serial Numbers. Cocky-published.
• Hill, Tracie L. (1996). Thompson: The American Legend. Collector Form Publications.
• Hill, Tracie L. (2009). The Ultimate Thompson Book. Collector Class Publications.
• Hogg, Ian V. and Weeks, John. (1989). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. DBI Books Inc.
• Huon, Jean. (1995). Les pistolets-mitrailleurs Thompson. Barnett Editions, as well Editions Crepin-LeBlond.
• Iannamico, Frank (2000). American Thunder: The War machine Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2003). "The Colt Thompson Submachine Gun". The Shotgun News Treasury Issue Volume four. Primedia Publishing
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). American Thunder Two: The War machine Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). United States Submachine Guns. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Johnson, Melvin M. and Haven, Charles J. (1941). Automatic Arms. William Morrow and Co.
• Linton, Peter. The Machinist'south Guide to the Thompson Submachine Gun (2012) Gun Testify Books Publishing ISBN 978-0-9787086-2-7
• Nelson, Thomas B. (1963). The World'south Submachine Guns, Book I. International Pocket-sized Artillery Publishers.
• Pegler, Martin (2010). The Thompson Submachine Gun: From Prohibition Chicago to Globe War Ii. Weapon one. Osprey Publishing. ISBN9781849081498.
• (in Portuguese) Olive, Ronaldo. (1996). Guia Internacional de Submetralhadoras. Editora Magnum Ltda.
• (in Greek) Sazanidis, Christos (1995). Τα όπλα των Ελλήνων [Arms of the Greeks] (in Greek). Thessaloniki (Greece): Maiandros. ISBN978-960-90213-0-two.
• Sharpe, Philip B. "The Thompson Sub-Machine Gun (in Police Science)" Journal of Criminal Police force and Criminology (1931–1951), Vol. 23, No. vi. (Mar. - Apr., 1933), pp. 1098–1114.
• Smith, Charles H. A brief story of Auto-Ordnance Company.
• Smith, Joseph East. (1969). Pocket-size Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Company. ISBN9780811715669.
• "Sturmgewehr!" past R. Blake Stevens Collector Form Publications (2004). Thompsons(!) in Weimar Deutschland ISBN 0889353565, 9780889353565
• Weeks, John. (1980). World War Two Pocket-size Artillery. Galahad Books.
• Wilson, R.One thousand. (1943). Textbook of Automatic Pistols. Small Arms Technical Publishing Company.
• Yenne, Neb (2009). Tommy Gun: How Full general Thompson's Submachine Gun Wrote History . New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN978-0-312-38326-8. (340 pages; contains black-and-white photographs and illustrations).

External links [edit]

• Auto Ordnance
• The Official Thompson Collectors Association Page
• "Thompson Submachine Gun: Principles of Operation 1943" on YouTube

Us Model 1928 Thompson Submachinegun Airsoft How to Take Off Mag

Posted by: estephembill.blogspot.com

Share this post